Appeal No. VA99/3/019

AN BINSE LUACHÁLA
VALUATION TRIBUNAL
AN tACHT LUACHÁLA, 1988
VALUATION ACT, 1988

Governor & Company of the Bank of Ireland (South Mall Cork) APPELLANT
and
Commissioner of Valuation RESPONDENT

RE: Bank at Map Reference 83/84 South Mall, Townland Sundry,
Townlands, Ward Centre A, UD: Centre East, County Borough of Cork.

B E F O R E
Fred Devlin - FRICS.FSCS Deputy Chairman
Barry Smyth - FRICS.FSCS Member
Tim Cotter - Valuer Member


JUDGMENT OF THE VALUATION TRIBUNAL
ISSUED ON THE 29TH DAY OF NOVEMBER, 2000

1. By Notice of Appeal dated the 27th day of July 1999, the appellant appealed against the determination of the Commissioner of Valuation in fixing a rateable valuation of £360 on the above described hereditament.

The Grounds of Appeal as set out in the said Notice of Appeal are that; "the assessment is excessive and inequitable and bad in law having regard to the provisions of the Valuation Acts and on other grounds also".

2. The Appeal proceeded by way of an oral hearing held in the offices of the Valuation Tribunal at Ormond House, Ormond Quay Upper, Dublin 7, on the 21st February 2000 where Mr. Owen Hickey B.L. appeared on behalf of the appellant and Mr. Tom Davenport ARICS ASCS gave expert valuation evidence. Mr. Tom Stapleton a valuer with over 30 years experience in the Valuation Office appeared on behalf of the respondent.

3. The subject property comprises a three storey plus attic purpose built bank premises located in mid-terrace on the northside of South Mall in that section between Crane Lane and Smith Street. At the rear there is a single storey extension together with a small enclosed yard with direct access onto Crane Lane.

4. South Mall is generally regarded as being the prime business and office location in Cork and occupiers include several financial services and professional companies.

The building was constructed around 1930 and is typical of the period when banks constructed buildings to reflect an image of financial strength and stability. Internally the ground floor is laid out so that the banking hall is approached from the pavement by a hallway and vestibule entrance. At the front of the building is found the manager's office and a second entrance used only by staff. The banking hall is two storey in height and office accommodation is found at mezzanine, first and second floor levels. The staff canteen is located at second floor level and there is a strong room at ground floor level whilst the attic space is unused and in poor condition.

5. The property was included in the November 1997 quarterly revision list and the rateable valuation was increased from £250 to £420 which figure was reduced to £360 at first appeal stage.

6. A written précis and submission was received from Mr. Davenport on the 17th January 2000 and at the hearing this was adopted by him as being his evidence in chief given under oath. In his précis Mr. Davenport proposed a rateable valuation of £245 calculated as set out below;

 
Sq. m.
Price per m2
Total
Ground Floor
208.9
£124
£25.852
Entrance Lobby/Offices/Banking Hall/Strong Room
22.2
£64.50
£1,434
First Floor - Offices
49.8
£64.50
£3,216
Rear Mezzanine - Offices
59.4
£53.80
£3,195
File Store
28.7
£43.00
£1,236
Second Floor Returns - Offices
49.8
£53.80
£2,680
Canteen
18.2
£32.13
£588
Attic - Stores
73.8
£10.75
£794
 
Total
£38.995

Net Annual Value Say - £39,000
Rateable Valuation @ .63% = £245

In support of his opinion of net annual value and rateable valuation, Mr. Davenport submitted details of 9 comparisons which may be summarised as follows;

1. 71 South Mall
Occupier: National Irish Bank
Lease: 35 years from 1st June 1989 FR 1-5 year rent reviews
Initial Rent: £67,500 pa
Analysis

Ground Floor
Banking hall - 203 m2 @ £128.40 per m2
Rear Office - 152.5 m2 @ £86.00 per m2
First Floor
Offices - 220.5 m2 @ £64.50 per m2
Second Floor
Offices - 124.7 m2 @ £64.50 per m2
Third Floor
Offices - 110.4m2 @ £54 per m2
(Common Comparison)


2. 67/69 South Mall
Occupiers: Lisney
Lease: 30 yrs from 1st August 1989 - 5 year rent review
Initial Rent: £14,500 pa

Analysis:
Ground Floor - 108 m2 @ £134 per m2


3. (a) 55/56 South Mall
Occupier: Eagle Star (Formerly Shield Life)
Lease: 35 yrs from 1st July 1976 - 5 yr. Rent reviews
Rent: 1st July 1986 - £32,000 pa

Analysis:
Ground Floor 113.3 sq.m. : £129 per m2
First Floor 113.3 sq.m. : £75.35 per m2
Second Floor 113.3 sq.m. : £75.35 per m2


3 (b) 55/56 South Mall - 3rd and 4th floor
Occupier: Sedwick Dineen
Lease: 35 yrs lease from 1st July 1988 - 5 year rent reviews
Rent: 1st June 1988 - £17,500 pa

Analysis
227.4m2 @ £76.85 per m2

4. 32/34 South Mall
Occupier: Bank of Ireland
Rateable Valuation : £1,200 - 1992/4 First Appeal - N.A.V. £190,000

Analysis:
Banking Hall (ground floor) - 766m2 @ £107.68 per m2
Office - first, second, third and fourth floors - 1,336 m2 @ £70 per m2


5. (a) 26/27 South Mall
Occupier: Friends Provident
Rateable Valuation: £175 - 1991/4 First Appeal - N.A.V. £27,750
Analysis:
Ground Floor Offices - 204.4 m2 @ £134.50 per m2

5. (b)
Occupier: Not Stated
Lease: 35 yrs from 29th Sept. 1978 - 5 yr rent reviews
Rent: Sept 1988 - £18,750 pa
Analysis
First Floor Offices - 239.8 m2 @ £78.19 per m2


6. 20 South Mall
Occupier: Anglo Irish Bank
Lease: 35 yrs from 1st January 1988 - five year reviews
Initial Rent: £15,000 pa

Analysis:
Ground floor banking hall and Offices -100.3 sq. m. @ £134.50 per sq. m
First floor - Offices - 17.3 sq. m. @ £75.35 per sq. m


7. 13 South Mall
Occupier: Bank of Ireland Finance
Lease: 35 yrs from 15th April 1980 - 5 year rent reviews
Rent: £30,000 pa - 1st April 1990

Analysis:
Ground Floor Offices - 122.6 m2 @ £140 per m2
First Floor Offices - 65m2 @ £75.40 per m2
Canteen - 10.4 m2 @ £53.80 per m2
Second Floor - 108 m2 @ £64.50 per m2
Attic Rooms - 19.3 m2 @ £21.5 per m2
(Common Comparison)

8. (a) 12 South Mall
Occupier: Eagle Star Insurance (formerly City Bank)
Rent: £31,020 pa from1st April 1989
Rent Reviews every 7 yrs from1992

Analysis:
Ground Floor Offices 230 sq. m. @ £134.5 per sq. m.


8. (b)
Occupier: Mathews Mulcahy Sutherland
Lease: 21 yrs from November 1971
Rent: £23,990 pa - rent review - May 1985
Analysis
First Floor Offices - 327.8 m2 @ £73 per m2


9. 1 South Mall
Occupier: Suttons
Rent Review 29th September 1988 at £27,500 pa

Analysis
Ground Floor Offices - 244.8 m2 @ £111.30 per m2

In his précis Mr. Davenport contended;

(i) That the property has all the characteristics of an office building with no retail display area.

(ii) Since the property is located in a mainly office location it is appropriate that the valuation be assessed by reference to office rental levels.

(iii) That the offices at mezzanine level afford poor quality accommodation.

(iv) An allowance should be made for quantum having regard to the total area of the building of 510 m2.

10. In supplementary evidence Mr. Davenport contended;

(i) That rents on South Mall are not uniform and that the prime area is that section between No.'s 55 & 72.

(ii) That the most relevant comparison is No. 71 South Mall, which is an open market letting of a purpose built bank premises occupying a better location than the subject and with a larger street frontage.
(iii) In valuing the subject property he had applied an overall rate to the ground floor area and the values attributable to the mezzanine and attic space reflect the poor quality of this accommodation. The double height of the banking hall in his opinion does not add value to the use of the property.

(iv) Whilst it is always better to compare banks with banks he nonetheless had included a number of office comparisons in order to provide what he described as being a flavour of rental values in South Mall at or about November 1988.

(v) In his valuation he had attributed no specific value to the staff entrance but had reflected it in the overall price placed on the ground floor space.

11. Under cross-examination Mr. Davenport sustained his opinion that the most appropriate comparison was No. 71 South Mall and did not accept the proposition put to him that bank premises should be valued higher than a conventional office building occupying a similar location. Nonetheless, he did agree that older bank premises have a higher and better quality of specification and finish than modern bank premises which were not dissimilar to modern office accommodation in terms of construction and finish.

12. Mr. Stapleton suggested to Mr. Davenport that some allowance ought to be made to reflect the fact that the regional Bank of Ireland cash centre adjoins the subject premises. Mr. Davenport disagreed and pointed out that the cash centre was a separate hereditament and by virtue of its security use, it was not interlinked with the subject property at any level.

13. Mr. Stapleton adopted his précis of evidence which had been received in the Tribunal on the 13th January 2000 as being his evidence in chief given under oath. In his précis he proposed a rateable valuation of £360, calculated as set out below:

Area m2
Price per m2
Total
Front Offices and Lobby
47.8
£161.46
£7,710.64
Banking Hall
154.1
£193.75
£29,856.87
Rear Office
6.9
£129.16
£891.20
Strong Room
22.2
£107.64
£2,389.60
Secondary Entrance
16.3
£107.64
£1,754.53
First Floor      
Offices - including mezzanine
109.2
£75.34
£8227.12
Stationery
28.7
£53.82
£1,544.63
Canteen
18.2
£53.82
£979.52
Second Floor - Offices
49.8
£53.82
£2,680.23
Third Floor - Attic Stores
73.7
£21.52
£1,586.02

Net Annual Value - £57,000
Rateable Valuation @ .63% - £360

9. In support of his valuation Mr. Stapleton supplied details of the rateable assessment of five bank premises which may be summarised as set out below;

1. 13 South Mall
Occupier: Bank of Ireland Finance
Rateable Valuation: £185 Agreed

Analysis
Ground floor - public office and interview room - 63.7 m2 @ £193.75 per m2
- rear offices and store room - 58.9 m2 @ £96.87 per m2


First Floor
Board room, office and canteen 64.9 m2 @ £86.11 per m2
Offices (Rear) 10.4 m2 @ £75.34 per m2

Second Floor
Offices and stationary room 107.9 m2 @ £59.2 per m2

Net Annual Value - £30,000


2. 71 South Mall
Occupier: National Irish Bank
Rateable Valuation: £365 - NAV £58.000

Analysis:
Ground Floor
Banking Hall, Strong Room and Office 281.6m2 @ £161.46 per m2
Stores, Passage, etc. 74.9m2 @ £80.73 per m2

First Floor 97.4m2 @ £64.58 per m2
Second Floor 26.7m2 @ £43.05 per m2

Net Annual Value - £58,000


2 (B)
Occupier: Vacant
Rateable Valuation: £60 - NAV £9,500

Analysis
First Floor Offices 117m2 @ £80.73 per m2
Net Annual Value £9,500


2(C)
Occupant: Vacant
Rateable Valuation: £67 - NAV £10,700
Analysis
Second Floor Offices 105.4m2 @ £64.58 per m2
Third Floor Offices 116.6m2 @ £34.40 per m2

Net Annual Value £10,700

Rent Payable under Lease (1/6/89) = £67,500 pa

Total Net Annual Value =£78,000
(Common Comparison)


3. 19a Winthrop Street
Occupants: Allied Irish Bank
Rateable Valuation: £345 - NAV £55,000

Analysis:
Ground Floor
Banking Hall 248.9m2 @ £193.75 per m2
Strong room & cash office 26.9m2 @ £107.64 per m2
Lobby 6.7m2 @ £107.64 per m2
Mezzanine
Kitchen & Stationery 49m2 @ £64.58 per m2

Net Annual Value £55,000


4. Bank of Ireland, 11, 12, 13a Bridge Street
Rateable Valuation - £300
Net annual value - £45,078

Ground floor Banking Hall 100.9m2 @ £161.46 = £16,291 (£15psf)
Office 78.6m2 @ £107.64 = £ 8,460 (£10psf)

1st flr. offices 62.9m2 @ £ 64.58 = £ 4,062 (£ 6psf)

2nd flr. offices 95.6m2 @ £ 64.58 = £ 6,174 (£ 6psf)

3rd flr. canteen, offices 96.0m2 @ £ 43.05 = £ 4,128 (£ 4psf)

Basement - strong room 22.9m2 @ £107.64 = £ 2,465 (£ 5psf)
Balance 64.6m2 @ £ 53.82 = £ 3,476 (£ 5psf)

Total Net Annual Value of Building = £45,078
RV: = £284
Plus ATM = £16

5. A.I.B. Bank, 10 Bridge Street
Rateable Valuation - £365

Analysis:
Ground Floor
Banking Hall 114.7m2 @ £193.75 per m2
Banking Hall (Camden Place) 54.8m2 @ £161.46 per m2
Offices 24.5m2 @ £107.64 per m2
First Floor 152.1m2 @ £64.58 per m2
Second Floor 84.2m2 @ £64.58 per m2
Third Floor 95.7m2 @ £21.52 per m2
Basement - Strong Room 11.9m2 @ £107.64 per m2
Balance 95.7m2 @ £21.52 per m2
Car spaces 5 @ £200 per space =£1000
Net Annual Value =£55,366
Rateable Valuation =£349
Add Rateable Valuation of ATM =£16

Total RV =£365


11. In his précis and supplementary oral evidence Mr. Stapleton contended:

(i) That the property was constructed and fitted out to a high standard and was a
very elegant building both inside and out.
(ii) That in arriving at his opinion of net annual value he had regard to the fact that the established level for ground floor office accommodation in South Mall was £14psf and £7psf for first floor offices which did not have the benefit of a lift.

(iii) That some upward adjustment must be made to reflect the proximity of the regional cash centre.

12. Under cross-examination Mr. Stapleton agreed that South Mall was the prime office location in Cork but did not accept the proposition that rents along the Mall varied with location. He agreed that Winthrop Street and Bridge Street were retail locations but nonetheless he was of the opinion that it was helpful to include as comparisons, banks located along these streets if only to indicate the rents that banks were prepared to pay in these locations which from a banking use point of view, were inferior to South Mall. He agreed with Mr. Davenport that 71 South Mall was the most suitable of all the comparisons and expressed the view that it was an inferior property to the subject. In relation to this comparison he urged the Tribunal to look at the net annual values as agreed rather than the analysis of the passing rent as put forward by Mr. Davenport.

13. Findings:
(i) It is common case that South Mall is the principal business location in Cork and that most banks and financial institutions are to be found there.

(ii) The property, which is about 70 years old was designed and constructed to the then prevailing standards. As a consequence the layout is somewhat inflexible but nonetheless the Tribunal does not agree with Mr. Davenport's opinion that the double height in the main banking hall does not add value in terms of rental value.

(iii) The parties are agreed that the most relevant comparison is No. 71 South Mall which is an open market letting of a purpose built bank premises similar in general layout and appearance to the subject but having a much larger ground floor area. Whilst it is a common comparison Mr. Davenport analysed the rent payable under the lease from 1st June 1989 whilst Mr. Stapleton analysed the net annual values on the basis of three separate rateable hereditaments totaling £78,000 as against the rent of £67,500 for the entire. The Tribunal prefers Mr. Davenport's approach since the subject hereditament is also a multi-storey building with Banking Hall at ground floor level with offices overhead.

(iv) An examination of Mr. Davenport's other comparisons indicates that the rental level for typical ground floor offices on South Mall at or about November 1988 was in the range of £12 to £13psf

(v) No. 13 South Mall is also a common comparison with a rent of £30,000 per annum as at April 1989 and a net annual value also of £30,000. Mr. Stapleton analysed the net annual value of the ground floor on what appears to be a zoning basis whilst Mr. Davenport devalued the rent at an overall rate of £13psf. Mr. Stapleton's average figure on the ground floor equates to £13.67psf

(vi) Having regard to the fact that there is an abundance of comparable evidence on South Mall itself, the Tribunal attaches little weight to the comparisons located on Winthrop Street and Bridge Street as they are by common consent located in primarily retail locations.

(vii) The Tribunal attributes most weight to the evidence in relation to No's 71 and 13 South Mall, both of which are bank premises. The additional evidence on the Mall is also helpful.

(viii) In relation to the subject the Tribunal prefers Mr. Davenport's method of valuing the ground floor at an overall rate and that no separate value should be attributed to the staff entrance area. Nonetheless the presence of this separate staff entrance must be reflected in the overall rate applied and in addition an allowance must be made to reflect the somewhat unique characteristics of the banking hall. The Tribunal does not consider any allowance should be made for the proximity of the regional cash centre.

Determination
Having regard to the above and all the evidence and submissions adduced at the hearing the Tribunal determines that the appropriate rateable valuation for this property should be £296 calculated as set out below;

Ground Floor
Entrance Hallway 208.9m2 @ £150 = £31,335
Banking Hall & Offices
Strong Room 22.2m2 @ £80 = £1,776

First Floor
Offices 49.8m2 @ £75 = £3,735
Mezzanine 59.4m2 @ £65 = £3,861
Stairs 28.7m2 @ £53.8 = £1,544


Second Floor
Offices 49.8m2 @ £53.8 = £2,679
Canteen 18.2m2 @ £53.8 = £979
Attic Stores 73.8m2 @ £15.00 = £1,107

Say = £47,016

RV @ .63% = £296